Exercises: Observational studies

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• Exposed and unexposed groups are followed over time, and the incidence of disease is compared in each group.
• When risk-set sampling is used with this design, an odds ratio may be estimated that is equivalent to a rate ratio.
• This design uses individual-level data, but because data on exposures and outcomes are from a point in time the order of events may be unclear.
• This design uses individual-level data, but because data on exposures and outcomes are from a point in time the order of events may be unclear.